2. Dandruff
In older children and teens, flaky scalp issues are more often dandruff — characterized by white or gray flakes, mild itchiness, and sometimes redness. It’s usually caused by dry skin, fungal overgrowth (Malassezia), or sensitivity to hair products. Using a mild anti-dandruff shampoo (like one containing zinc pyrithione or ketoconazole) two to three times a week typically helps. Make sure your child rinses thoroughly, avoids heavy hair oils, and doesn’t scratch the scalp excessively.
3. Folliculitis
If you see small red bumps or pus-filled spots near hair roots, it could be folliculitis, which is simply inflamed or infected hair follicles. It can appear after tight hairstyles, heavy sweating, or poor scalp hygiene. Encourage your child to keep their scalp clean, avoid sharing hats or brushes, and skip overly tight ponytails or braids. Mild cases clear up with gentle cleansing and time, but if bumps spread or become painful, a doctor may prescribe a topical antibiotic.
4. Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Eczema can also affect the scalp, leading to dry, flaky, itchy patches that sometimes ooze or crust. Children with eczema elsewhere on their body are more prone to this. Regular moisturizing, avoiding harsh shampoos, and using fragrance-free, gentle hair products are key. If the itch is intense or there’s visible irritation, a pediatrician might recommend a medicated shampoo or mild steroid lotion to calm the inflammation.
Tinea Capitis (Scalp Ringworm)
This one needs medical attention right away. Despite the name, ringworm isn’t caused by worms — it’s a fungal infection. Symptoms include scaly bald patches, black dots (where hair has broken off), or itchy, inflamed areas. It’s contagious and can spread through hats, combs, or close contact. Over-the-counter creams won’t work — prescription antifungal medicine (usually oral) is required. If you suspect ringworm, see a pediatrician or dermatologist immediately, and make sure to disinfect combs, bedding, and hats.
When to See a Doctor